Tugas Softskill Etika Profesi Akuntansi

12.02 |

ETIKA YANG BERLAKU DI INDONESIA


1.     Pamitan dan mencium tangan orang tua sebelum pergi ke luar rumah. (sudah dijalankan)
2.  Mempersilahkan tempat duduk terlebih dahulu pada orang yang sudah tua(manula), ibu hamil ataupun yang membawa anak kecil pada kendaraan umum. (sudah dijalankan)
3.     Tidak berkata dengan nada yang keras atau berteriak pada orang yang lebih tua. (sudah dijalankan)
4.     Tidak membuang sampah sembarangan. (sudah dijalankan)
5.     Menghormati orang yang sedang berpuasa dengan tidak makan atau minum dihadapannya. (sudah dijalankan)
6.     Berpakaian sopan ketimuran sesuai norma yang berlaku di indonesia. (sudah dijalankan)
7.     Mengucapkan salam atau bertegur sapa jika bertemu dengan orang yang dikenal di jalan. (sudah dijalankan)
8.     Menghormati umat agama lain yang sedang beribadah ataupun merayakan hari besar agamanya. (sudah dijalankan)
9.     Tidak menjiplak hasil karya orang lain tanpa sumber ataupun sejenisnya (plagiat) melalui media yang ada. (sudah dijalankan).
10.Tidak menghakimi sendiri orang yang terbukti bersalah melakukan tindak kriminal, sebaiknya ditangani oleh pihak yang berwenang. (belum dijalankan).
11. Mengantri saat sedang menunggu dalam kondisi apapun atau tidak menyerobot orang yang di depannya. (sudah dijalankan)
12.  Tidak berbicara dengan keras pada saat di ruang perpustakaan. (sudah dijalankan)
13. Saling gotong royong atau saling membantu saat ada kegiatan di lingkungan rumah. (sudah dijalankan)
14. Menjenguk kerabat ataupun teman yang sedang mengalami musibah. (sudah  dijalankan)
15. Tidak merokok di tempat umum yang ada pada lingkungan masyarakat. (sudah dijalankan)
16. Tidak membeli tiket pada calo tiket kendaraan umum, sebaiknya membeli pada penjual yang sudah ditetapkan. (sudah dijalankan)
17. Menggunakan bahasa yang baik dan tidak menyinggung lawan bicaranya. (sudah dijalankan)
18. Tidak mencorat-coret fasilitas umum yang ada. (sudah dijalankan)
19.  Sebaiknya mengucapkan terima kasih kepada orang yang telah membantu. (sudah dijalankan)
20.Tidak tertidur saat mendengarkan ceramah, pidato atau sejenisnya. (sudah dijalankan)
21. Tidak langsung memotong pembicaraan orang lain, tunggu hingga selesai. (sudah dijalankan)
22. Tidak rusuh saat menonton pertandingan sepak bola di stadion. (sudah dijalankan)
23. Tidak makan sambil berjalan. (belum dijalankan)
24. Duduk dengan sopan saat berada di tempat umum. (sudah dijalankan)
25.Tidak menggunakan perhiasan yang berlebihan sehingga dapat mengundang tindakan kriminal pada saat di tempat umum ataupun kendaraan umum. (sudah dijalankan)

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Artikel "Passive Voice"

10.13 |

Know your olive oil

Olive oil is actually the juice of the olive, and it is the only oil in the market that is extracted from a fresh fruit. Of course, we've all read about the benefits of olive oil, and what it can do to our skin and hair, and of course, we all believe that all Spanish beauties bathe in this oil. But do we really know how to use this oil for everyday cooking, more importantly, which grade of oil to use?
Perhaps not, which is why even though many in the world have switched to olive oil, we're still unsure about its usage. Time to get educated, then... To begin with, here's bursting the most famous olive oil myth in India: We should use Extra Virgin (EV) olive oil because it is
Extra virgin olive oil:
It is the highest grade olive oil with perfect aroma and flavour. EV oil is got from the first cold pressing of the olive fruit within 24 hours of harvesting. It is heavy, and its viscosity is higher than other grades of olive oil and therefore, it is mainly use is for preparing cold dishes: dressing salads, pasta, rice and vegetables, meat and fish.
Olive oil:
This variety is a combination of refined olive oil and EV olive oil. Refined olive oil is obtained by refining oil that does not possess optimum characteristics. After refining, the oil is blended with EV oilive ol. Olive oil is an intermediate grade oil the best. Well, not really. At least, not for preparing Indian dishes. EV olive oil may be best in flavour, but its flavour is so strong that it can change the taste of the dish! Also, deep-frying in EV olive oil is not advisable as it is heavy and viscous as compared to other grades of olive oil. Therefore, EV olive oil is suitable for only flavouring, dressings and condiments or for integrating foods - like making cold sauces, crushing ingredients and preparing Carpaccio or marinated dishes.
So then, what is the best option? Olive pomace oil. It is the cooking grade oil, and is used all over Italy, Spain and the Mediterranean for every type of cooking. Pomace oil is not costly, is light and has neutral with medium aroma and flavour, suitable for pan and deep frying, stir-fries, sautes and stews. It is also suitable for all types of body massage.

Olive pomace oil:
This is the main cooking grade oil variety. It is a light oil with neutral taste and flavour and is the most suitable oil for Indian cuisine as it does not change the flavour or taste of any preparation. This oil is obtained by treating the olive residue paste (after the fruit has been pressed) with solvents to extract oil, refining and then blending this product with EV oil in order to enhance the product and its health benefits, taste and flavour. And, this oil is ideal for cooking all types and varieties of Indian dishes. It neither changes the taste nor presents any difficulties while cooking. Indian cuisine, whether fried, roasted, 'bhunoed' or cooked by any other method, tastes as good with Olive Pomace oil as it does when prepared in sunflower, safflower, corn or any other oil. Also, when frying at between 130 and 190 o C, olive oil forms a crisp, golden crust making the fried food much more appetizing but without affecting its nutritional value, as the oil hardly penetrates the food, leaving it light and digestible. Each portion of this oil used for deep frying may be reused 3-4 times as long as it is filtered carefully after each use through a gauze, muslin or a suitable paper filter.

And this one's for those who think the oil is really costly: Yes, any grade of olive oil costs more than other edible oils. But look at it this way: It takes only 1/3rd the quantity of other edible oils to cook in olive oil, and since it has a high smoking point, it can be reused 3-4 times. Therefore, the effective cost of olive oil is 1/9th of its actual price!

Sumber : http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/diet/Know-your-olive-oil/articleshow/7805920.cms

Keterangan :
Ø  Passive Voice ( Present Tense )
-          Refined olive oil is obtained by refining oil that does not possess optimum characteristics
Artinya : minyak zaitun bening diperoleh dengan penyulingan minyak yang tidak memiliki karakteristik yang optimal

-          This oil is obtained by treating the olive residue paste

Artinya : Minyak ini diperoleh dengan memperlakukan pasta residu zaitun


 Beginning to Garden with Native Plants
Gardening with native plants has a number of advantages, but gardeners are often intimidated or overwhelmed with myths about native plant gardening, so they're afraid to take the plunge. I talked with Ania, a researcher at the University of California, to get the scoop on working with native plants in the garden; such plants are indigenous to an area and not introduced by humans, although in some regions "native plants" include those that may have been cultivated and introduced by Native Americans, but not Europeans.
I asked Ania to elaborate a bit more on the different types of native and introduced species, because yes, there is a hierarchy, and it's important for gardeners to think about it whether they're planning a garden installation or prioritizing the management of existing plants. She explained that some introduced species are invasive, having a tendency to spread rapidly and aggressively, while others thrive primarily only in cultivation; the Missouri Exotic Pest Plant List has detailed information about the rankings used to help guide gardeners.
Ania notes that "not all introduced species are created equal but gardening with natives is still the way to go" when it comes to garden planning. For gardeners who might feel intimidated by the thought of converting a garden, she suggests focusing on invasive species removal and leaving other introduced species alone, as they're unlikely to pose a threat. Garlic Mustard, for example, aggressively changes soil chemistry to prevent competing seeds from germinating, and should be removed, while plants like amaranth don't threaten indigenous species. Over time, gardeners can slowly transition to an all-indigenous garden if that's their ultimate goal.
She points out that working with indigenous plants has some advantages. For one, it creates habitat for animals, a critical issue in areas where natural habitat is shrinking. Gardeners can attract birds, butterflies, and other pollinators with a selection of native plants, in addition to pleasing the eye. Furthermore, working with native species can also reduce water usage without installing water-saving plumbing systems like greywater systems, by allowing gardeners to focus on species known to survive in local climate conditions. For gardeners in areas like Dallas, where droughts can be an issue, native plant gardening is actively encouraged by some municipalities.
One of the most common myths about native plant gardening is that it makes a garden dull, lifeless, and boring. "Are you interested in providing a habitat for butterflies and friendly bees?" Ania asks. "Planting a variety of showy blooms would do wonderfully for that." Those showy blooms can be native species.
"Are you interested in plants that will look sprightly and lovely even in drought conditions?" Indigenous plants work for those too; in California alone, she notes that plants like Douglas iris, pearly everlasting, and Calochortus species do well in cultivation and look stunning, along with many other species, whether you want a riot of flowers, lush greenery, or stately trees.
Interested in gardening with indigenous plants? Contact a local Native Plant Society to get lists of plants indigenous to your area. The more local, the better, as many microclimates host unique species. Native Plant Societies often sponsor plant sales, garden tours, and other events to promote beautiful local species, and some also provide mentoring or consultations for free or a small fee.
Sumber : http://shine.yahoo.com/green/beginning-garden-native-plants-133300429.html
Keterangan :
Ø  Passive Voice ( Present Perfect Tense )
-          although in some regions "native plants" include those that may have been cultivated and introduced by Native Americans, but not Europeans.
Artinya : Meskipun di beberapa daerah "tanaman asli" ​​termasuk mereka yang mungkin telah dibudidayakan dan diperkenalkan oleh penduduk asli Amerika, tetapi tidak Eropa.

Indonesian Dance Festival encourages local performers
The 11th Indonesian Dance Festival, which began this February is slated to culminate this June, includes for the first time a competition for aspiring local dancers and choreographers.
As many as 33 pieces of work have been selected from the some 300 entries to compete in the finals, which will be held this Sunday.
The winners will receive prize money as well as a chance to perform during the festival's peak period.
However, six dance groups from various regions including Yogyakarta and Kalimantan, resigned from the competition, despite making it to the finals, due to financial constraints, head of dance competition Nungki Kusumastuti said.
"There is a sad story. Only 27 can come to Jakarta [for the finals]. Apparently they still needed funds," she said.
The dance festival will also feature international names such as Tang Fu Kuen from Singapore and Daisuke Muto from Japan, as well as choreographers from various nations, including Germany, France, Tunisia and Cambodia.
Highlights in the festival include various dance and multimedia collaborations, event director Maria Darmaningsih said.
Sumber : http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/20/indonesian-dance-festival-encourages-local-performers.html
Keterangan :
Ø  Passive Voice ( Present Perfect Tense )
-          As many as 33 pieces of work have been selected from the some 300 entries to compete in the finals
Artinya : Sebanyak 33 lembar pendaftar  telah dipilih dari sekitar 300 pendaftar  untuk bersaing di final.

The farm gate
Wayan Sadyo of the Gapoktan farmer’s collective in Blahbatuh was born to be a farmer.

There is a light in his eyes as he discusses the benefits of organic farming, of the farming methods his grandparents used.

“This year we will produce around 3 tons of organic fertilizer from the cattle. We have just had an order for one-and-a-half tons from Klungkung. It’s being sent to Nusa Penida for a banana farm,” says Sadyo as he points to the tomatoes, papaya, mangoes, chilies, fish and shrimp being grown alongside his village rice fields under the Government SIMANTRI integrated organic farming system.

Under the system, cattle become the backbone with their manure and urine harvested and used to enrich soils and protect against plant disease and pest infestation.

Recent convert to organic, integrated farming is subak head, I Nyoman Sucitra. Within just six months of changing his farming practices, the lifelong farmer says he is seeing results.

“My rice yield was down a little bit, but the quality of rice is far higher. But also I don’t have to pay the costs of fertilizer, so as a farmer I feel this is the right road and a road my children can follow. We can continue to pass down this land as it was passed to us,” says Sucitra of Bali’s green revolution that could protect farmers and save the tourist industry into the future.
Sumber : http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/09/15/the-farm-gate.html
Keterangan :
Ø  Passive Voice ( Present Continous Tense )
-          It’s being sent to Nusa Penida for a banana farm
Artinya : Itu dikirim ke Nusa Penida untuk pertanian pisang

Trade Minister airs concerns over export performance
With the global economy slowly recovering, especially in main export destinations such as Europe and the US, it will be difficult for Indonesia to maintain its trade surplus at last years’ level, a minister said.

Trade Minister Gita Wirjawan said in Jakarta on Thursday that the decline in the demand from Indonesia’s main buyers such as Europe and the US could result in the decline in the country’s exports this year,

“If we can achieve last year’s exports, it will be a good achievement,” Gita said on the sidelines of an economic ministerial meeting at the National Planning Agency (Bappenas) in Jakarta.

Gita also said that imports should be closely monitored so that the surge in the flow of foreign goods into the country would not affect the trade surplus. “We have to stop illegal imports,” he said. “Common illegally imported goods are toys, steel, helmets, fruit and vegetables,” he said, adding that the entry of illegal foreign products had seriously hurt local producers.

To intensify the fight against illegally imported goods, Gita said that the Trade Ministry would conduct much more intensive cooperation with the customs directorate general and law-enforcement officers.

In 2011, Indonesia’s exports were valued at US$203.62 billion and imports were $177.3 billion, making a surplus of $26.32 billion.
Economic think-tank National Economy Committee (KEN) predicted that exports might decline, both in terms of value and volume, due to the ongoing global crisis.
KEN proposed that to prevent a steep export decline, the government should open new markets in other regions for its goods other than the traditional destinations, such as China, the US and Europe.
Finance Minister Agus Martowardojo said that not only Indonesia, but other members of ASEAN also believed that they had to start opening new markets in regions outside their usual export targets.
“One of the new regions that ASEAN countries will try to cooperate with is the Latin America region,” Agus said while adding that the agreement to intensify trade with that region was made during the latest Asian Development Bank (ADB) meeting in Manila.
A joint-report composed by ADB and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) reveals that Asia is now Latin America’s second-biggest trading partner, with about a one-fifth share of the total of Latin America and Caribbean trade.
Growing at an annual average of 20 percent since 2000, trade between Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean reached an estimated $442 billion in 2011.

The surge being fostered by an increase in free trade agreements (FTAs) between Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean.

Between 2004 and 2011 an average of two FTAs took effect every year between the regions, resulting in a total of 18 such agreements today.
Sumber : http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/11/trade-minister-airs-concerns-over-export-performance.html
Keterangan :
Ø  Passive Voice ( Present Continous Tense )
-            The surge being fostered by an increase in free trade agreements (FTAs) between Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean.
Artinya : Gelora yang didorong oleh peningkatan perjanjian perdagangan  bebas (FTA) antara Asia dan Amerika Latin dan Karibia.


$30m Sumatra forest deal in doubt after concerns over funding

THE future of a much-vaunted $30 million Australian project to protect Indonesian forests for their carbon is in doubt after an independent review found it is not the best use of the money.
The project on the island of Sumatra was announced by Labor in early 2010 to international fanfare, but so far there has been little detail about the project's design.
It is understood there has been no actual on-ground work in Sumatra and officials to date have done research only.
It is the second Australian-Indonesian carbon project to face setbacks. The Herald reported in March that a $47 million project to restore peatland in Kalimantan, launched in 2007, had quietly been scaled back and was suffering major delays.
Indonesia is recognised as the world's fifth-largest producer of greenhouse gases, with 60 per cent of its emissions coming from rapid deforestation and associated activities.
The review of Australia's Indonesian carbon programs, costing $100 million overall, found the Sumatran project ''may not be the most effective utilisation of available funding and that the changing policy context provides an opportunity for reconsideration of the proposal''.
A spokesman for the Climate Change Minister, Greg Combet, said Australia was discussing with the Indonesian government alternative approaches to work in Sumatra.
''Work has not started on the ground because we have not yet agreed on the revised scope of work,'' the spokesman said.
The Sumatra project is a pilot for a proposed global system, known as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, in which developing nations could earn money from carbon credits created from forest preservation projects by selling them to rich countries for use in meeting their emission reduction targets.
The independent review was handed to the government early last year, but was only made public by the Australian overseas aid agency AusAID in recent weeks.
It calls for the ''reconsideration'' of the Sumatra pilot in light of the challenges and delays in the Kalimantan project and the emergence of other Indonesian forest schemes, including a $1 billion investment by Norway.
Sumber : http://www.smh.com.au/environment/conservation/30m-sumatra-forest-deal-in-doubt-after-concerns-over-funding-20120514-1yn48.html

Keterangan :
Ø  Passive Voice ( Past Tense )
-            The project on the island of Sumatra was announced by Labor in early 2010
Artinya : Proyek di Pulau Sumatera diumumkan oleh tenaga kerja pada awal 2010
-          The independent review was handed to the government early last year, but was only made public by the Australian overseas aid agency AusAID in recent weeks
Artinya : Review independen diserahkan kepada pemerintah awal tahun lalu, tapi itu hanya dipublikasikan oleh lembaga bantuan luar negeri Australia AusAID dalam beberapa minggu terakhir

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"ARTIKEL KORAN DENGAN AUXILIARY MODALS"

11.32 |


Corporate access to forex expanded

JAKARTA: Bank Indonesia again gives more room for the corporate sector to access forex at banks after previously revoking the regulation that once limited those top debtors early this year.

The provision was contained in Bank Indonesia Regulation (PBI) No: 13/4/PBI/2011 on the Repeal of PBI No.10/22/PBI/2008 on the Fulfillment of Domestic Corporate Needs for Forex at Banks.

In the previous regulation, PBI No.10/22/PBI/2008, the access to forex at banks by those debtors were somehow limited. Banks even can1  propose for the forex needs against rupiah to BI for those domestic corporate.

Head Public Relations Bureau of Bank Indonesia, Difi A. Johansyah addressed such revocation aimed to show that Indonesia™s economy is already normal, enabling those corporate to directly access forex . “Thus, the companies can now access forex at domestic market instead of going to BI,”� he said to Bisnis yesterday.

He further added that such provision is also issued to anticipate the economic condition amidst the crisis specifically and to avoid speculative forex loans which may trigger currency fluctuation.

“Prior to his, PBI [Fulfillment of Domestic Corporate Needs for Forex at Banks) aims as an anticipative measure so that companies not rush for forex which may destabilize the currency,” he said.

Difi added that at the moment, central bank believes that the current economic condition is relatively normal, thus such provision needs to be revoked as the forex availability domestically is rather sufficient along with the excessive foreign inflow.

During the 2008 crisis, rupiah touched IDR12,000 per US dollar following the rising forex needs either for corporate interest, capital accumulation or only for speculation.

Preventing speculation

Thus, BI issued such regulation to anticipate the currency speculation that may worsen rupiah even more. In such regulation, bank may propose forex needs against rupiah to BI as it only applies for governmental institutions.

Besides, bank is prohibited to propose forex needs for any domestic corporate related to the bank. Any proposal relating to forex must2 have underlying economic activities in Indonesia.

Underlying economic activities include forex debt settlement, import payment, and any other needs supported by legal documents or as long as the company exploits it neither for any transactions nor investment in the money market.

Director of Bank Mutiara, Benny Purnomo supported such revocation since it may3 increase the corporate access to forex loan. The bank once named Century recorded an intensified forex transaction in its core business.

“By such revocation, the domestic company has more choices in fulfilling its funding needs. They can use both dollar and rupiah,” he said. (T02/NOM)
Sumber : http://www.bisnis.com/articles/corporate-access-to-forex-expanded
Keterangan :
1.      Banks even can1  propose for the forex needs against rupiah to BI for those domestic corporate.
-   Can propose , fungsinya = Ability / possibility
2.               2.   Any proposal relating to forex must2 have underlying economic activities in Indonesia.
-          Must have underlying, fungsinya = 95% certainty
3.               3.   Director of Bank Mutiara, Benny Purnomo supported such revocation since it may3 increase  the corporate access to forex loan.
-          May increase the corporate, fungsinya = less than 50% certainty


Indonesia Parliament Approves Power to Increase Fuel Prices Amid Protests

JAKARTA: Indonesia’s parliament amended a law to allow the government to raise fuel prices should4 crude exceed a budget assumption, paving the way for an increase even as the biggest public protests since 2008 threaten President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s efforts to contain the budget gap.
Lawmakers voted 356 to 82 in favor of a proposal by Yudhoyono’s Democrat Party to allow an increase if the Indonesia Crude Price exceeds the budget assumption by 15 percent over a six-month period, Speaker of the House Marzuki Alie said at the conclusion of the 14 ½-hour session. Two opposition parties walked out on the proceedings.
About 2,000 protesters tore down a gate in front of the parliament house grounds in Jakarta yesterday, and police disbursed them with tear gas and water cannon after someone ignited fireworks and demonstrators threw rocks. Police had estimated more than 81,000 would protest across the nation.
Soaring food and fuel costs in the world’s fourth-most populous nation contributed to riots that led to the ousting in 1998 of the dictator Suharto, then Asia’s longest-reigning ruler.
This week’s protests underline the balancing act Yudhoyono must undertake as he seeks to curb a subsidy bill that threatens to sap funds from pivotal health, education and transport programs necessary for boosting investment and growth.
Yudhoyono’s administration had proposed to increase the price of subsidized gasoline by 33 percent to 6,000 rupiah (65 U.S. cents) per liter effective April 1. Finance Minister Agus Martowardojo said the government agreed with today’s vote.
Bad Impact
Maintaining subsidies “would5 have a really bad impact” on growth by causing the fiscal deficit to exceed the legal limit of 3 percent of gross domestic product, forcing cuts in more productive spending, National Economic Committee Vice Chairman M. Chatib Basri said in an interview with Bloomberg Television in Hong Kong on March 23.
Yudhoyono, re-elected in 2009 for a second five-year term, has pledged to increase spending on roads, seaports and airports to help deliver growth of at least 6.6 percent by the end of 2014.
Yesterday’s protests would be the biggest since 2008, when Indonesia last raised fuel prices, according to Dodi Ambardi, a political analyst at Yogyakarta-based Gadjah Mada University and Nico Harjanto, a public policy analyst at Jakarta-based Rajawali Foundation.
“Increasing fuel prices is a sensitive issue not only for Indonesia but for all countries,” Changyong Rhee, chief economist at the Asian Development Bank, said in Jakarta earlier this week.
Debate
Indonesia’s lawmakers began debating the government’s proposal to raise subsidized fuel prices early this month.
Lawmakers delayed a vote on the subsidy that had been scheduled for March 29, and were considering whether to revoke a law that requires parliamentary approval for any increase in fuel prices, Tamsil Linrung, deputy chairman of the budget committee, said earlier this week.
Protesters, including college students, members of labor unions, political parties and non-government organizations have rallied every day since March 27 at “vital assets” such as government offices, airports and ministries, National Police Spokesman Saud Usman Nasution said by phone in Jakarta yesterday.
The National Police estimated 81,135 people would take to the street yesterday across Indonesia’s 17,000 islands, which span 5,150 kilometers (3,200 miles), the distance from Florida to Alaska. There would probably be about 9,900 protesters in Jakarta, Nasution said.
Security
Indonesia deployed 22,000 police and army personnel in Jakarta, Nasution said. The police have standby security personnel as well, he said.
Protests turned violent in Sulawesi island and North Maluku province this week, where demonstrators took over a runway at Sultan Babullah airport and destroyed equipment, Nasution said. Live images broadcast on TV news stations in Jakarta showed people throwing rocks and setting fires.
On March 29, about 2,500 demonstrators sang songs and mingled with police outside the presidential palace and parliament in Jakarta to protest the fuel-price plan.
About 1,500 people sat in front of parliament as Indonesian lawmakers debated the proposal. Another 1,000 protests gathered in front of the palace, according to Jakarta police spokesman Rikwanto.
“The protests are not to topple the president, but to oppose the fuel price increase,” said Umar Juoro, an economist at the Center for Information and Development Studies. “For sure, his popularity will6 fall due to his unpopular policy; on the other hand, he has to do that.”
Indonesia’s state oil company PT Pertamina sells subsidized petrol at retail stations for 4,500 rupiah a liter (about $1.85 a gallon), according to Indonesia’s energy ministry.
Non- subsidized high-octane gasoline costs as much as 10,000 rupiah a liter ($4.13 a gallon).
Gasoline in India, which is not subsidized, costs 65.64 rupees ($1.28) a liter ($4.84 a gallon) in New Delhi. Diesel, which is subsidized, is sold at 40.91 rupees a liter ($3.03 a gallon), according to Indian Oil Corp. (IOCL)’s website.
Regular gasoline at U.S. pumps, averaged nationwide, cost $3.921 on March 28, according to AAA, the nation’s biggest motoring club. Diesel cost $4.147 a gallon as of March 26, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.  (Bloomberg/ea)
Sumber : http://en.bisnis.com/articles/indonesia-parliament-approves-power-to-increase-fuel-prices-amid-protests

Keterangan :
4.      Indonesia’s parliament amended a law to allow the government to raise fuel prices should4 crude exceed a budget assumption, paving the way for an increase even as the biggest public protests since 2008 threaten President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s efforts to contain the budget gap.
-          Should crude exceed a budget assumption, fungsinya = 90% certainty
5.               5.  Maintaining subsidies “would5 have a really bad impact” on growth by causing the fiscal deficit           to exceed the legal limit of 3 percent of gross domestic product, forcing cuts in more productive           spending , National Economic Committee Vice Chairman M.
-          Would have a really bad impact, fungsinya = preference
6.      “The protests are not to topple the president, but to oppose the fuel price increase,” said Umar Juoro, an economist at the Center for Information and Development Studies. “For sure, his popularity will6 fall due to his unpopular policy; on the other hand, he has to do that.”
-          his popularity will fall due to his unpopular policy, fungsinya = 100% certainty

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